Constipation
Constipation is described as a condition wherein a person experiences hard feces/stools. Constipation usually occurs when the colon absorbs too much water from the food. This causes straining during bowel movements, which is painful. The main cause of constipation is dehydration. It may also be a side effect of medications due to an illness or dietary habits of an individual. Treatment includes increase in the consumption of fluids, especially water, including fiber such as leafy vegetables and fruits in your diet. Laxatives provide a temporary solution to the problem, as the routine use of laxatives result in bowel action becoming dependent on them. Enemas can also be used to provide a form of mechanical stimulation, but they provide relief for stool in the rectum and not in the intestinal tract.

Hemorrhoids
Technically speaking the anatomical term “hemorrhoids” refers to tissues filled with blood vessels which cushions the junction of the rectum and anus. The swelling and inflammation of these veins are known as piles or hemorrhoids.
Constipation, diarrhea or increase straining during bowel movement is the root cause of hemorrhoids. Hypertension, obesity and excessive consumption of caffeine and cigarette smoking can also cause hemorrhoids.

Intake of adequate fluids, a diet rich in fiber, reducing bowel movement strain and time are few traditional treatments. Some people suffering from severe \ hemorrhoids require rubber band ligation, wherein elastic bands are applied onto an internal hemorrhoid to cut of its blood supply. Hemorrhoidolysis is a medical treatment wherein there is a desiccation of the hemorrhoid by electrical current.
Surgical methods are also used to treat piles, a condition when the eternal hemorrhoidal veins burst and blood clot forms under the skin.

Anal fissures
They are small tear or cracks in the lining of the anus. Anal fissures cause pain, bleeding and itching during bowel movement. The anal fissure usually develops when anal tissue gets damaged during hard or dry or watery movement of stools. Initial treatment may include drinking fluids, high fiber diet, using stool softeners and sitz baths (soaking the anal area by sitting in a few inches of warm water). Surgery might be needed if the case is too severe.

Diverticular disease
It is a common digestive disease found in the colon ( large intestine), which involves the formation of pouches(diverticula) on the outside of the colon. Diverticulitis occurs when the diverticula becomes infected or inflamed and severe pain in the abdomen is noticed.

Colon polyps and cancer
Every year 130,000 Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, which is the second most common form of cancer in the United States. With advances in early detection and treatment, this disease is curable. Screening tests done at the right time will help to detect and prevent cancer long before the symptoms appear.
Colitis is a chronic disease, which occurs due to inflammation of the colon. There are several types of colitis, which include:
 Infectious colitis
 Ulcerative colitis (cause not known)
 Chrohn’s disease(cause not known)
 Ischemic colitis( insufficient blood going into the colon)
 Radiation colitis( after radiotherapy)
 Colitis causes diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal cramps and frequent and urgent need to empty the bowels.
Treatment depends on the diagnosis, which can be done by biopsy or colonoscopy by a medical practitioner.